Botox by Another Name: Which Botulinum Toxins Are Approved Around the World?

The global market for botulinum toxin injections has expanded beyond the dominance of Allergan's household brand, Botox. Today, patients seeking cosmetic anti-wrinkle injections are presented with a dizzying catalog of brand names: Dysport, Xeomin, Jeuveau, Daxxify, Letybo, Nabota, Botulax, Meditoxin, and Hengli.

As medical tourism increases, and social media platforms discuss the cost-efficiency of "Korean Botox," patients and clinic operators frequently encounter unfamiliar product packaging and conflicting regulatory claims.

For patients and medical providers looking for a direct answer: Botulinum toxin brands are highly regulated biologics, and the exact same molecule is marketed under different brand names depending on the jurisdiction. For instance, prabotulinumtoxinA is sold as Jeuveau in the United States, Nuceiva in Canada and the European Union, and Nabota in South Korea. While Jeuveau/Nuceiva is fully licensed in the US, UK, and EU, other highly popular Korean and Chinese brands—specifically Botulax (Hugel), Meditoxin/Neuronox (Medytox), Innotox, and Hengli/Lantox—are NOT FDA-approved, NOT CE-marked, and NOT licensed for use in the US, UK, or Canada. Administering or importing these unlicensed brands constitutes a federal violation and exposes patients to substantial risks of counterfeit vials and systemic botulism, as documented by the FDA's 2024 counterfeit Botox alerts and Health Canada's clinical seizures. Only accept a toxin brand that is explicitly licensed by your national regulatory authority.

This comprehensive reference maps the global geography of botulinum toxin approvals, translates brand aliases, reviews the central European and British regulatory systems, explains the clinical differences of emerging formulations, and details the enforcement history of the gray market.

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The Biological and Regulatory Landscape of Botulinum Toxins

Botulinum toxin is a potent neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. In clinical aesthetics, it is used to temporarily paralyze muscles by blocking the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby smoothing dynamic wrinkles (such as glabella lines, crow's feet, and forehead creases).

Because of its high potency and biological nature, botulinum toxin is regulated not as a simple drug, but as a biologic. In the United States, biologics are licensed under Section 351 of the Public Health Service Act through a Biologics License Application (BLA). Unlike generic chemical drugs, which can easily prove bioequivalence, biologics are manufactured in living cells.

Therefore, the FDA treats every botulinum toxin brand as a distinct entity with its own unique potency profile. Units of different botulinum toxin products are not interchangeable. A single unit of Botox does not equal a single unit of Dysport, and there is no linear conversion ratio approved by regulatory authorities.

Reconstitution and Re-dilution Physics

Because these biologics are fragile proteins, they are shipped as vacuum-dried or lyophilized powders that must be stored in a refrigerator or freezer. The clinician must reconstitute the powder using sterile, preservative-free or preservative-containing 0.9% sodium chloride (saline).

The ratio of saline added dictates the concentration (units per 0.1 mL). A deviation in reconstitution volume, or physical agitation during mixing (which can denature the protein chains), directly impacts clinical outcomes, causing either premature wear or excessive diffusion.

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Approved Botulinum Toxins in the United States: The Purple Book BLA Registry

In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) publishes the Purple Book, which lists licensed biological products. Any biological product marketed in the US must hold an active BLA.

As of our regulatory database audit on July 7, 2026, only six Type A botulinum toxins and one Type B botulinum toxin are FDA-approved and licensed for cosmetic or therapeutic use. The table below outlines these approved formulations:

For a clinical comparison of these US-cleared formulations, read the types of Botox FDA-approved neurotoxins compared reference. For deep dives into specific pipeline reviews, refer to Letybo vs Botox, Dysport, Xeomin.

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Type A vs. Type B Neurotoxins: Synaptic Targets and Resistance

While the vast majority of cosmetic injections utilize Botulinum Toxin Type A, the FDA has also licensed one Type B formulation: Myobloc (rimabotulinumtoxinB). Understanding the biological differences between these two serotypes is essential for clinical practice.

1. Distinct Molecular Targets

Both serotypes block acetylcholine release, but they cleave different proteins within the SNARE (Soluble NSF Attachment Protein Receptor) complex:

• Type A Toxins (Botox, Dysport, Xeomin): Cleave the SNAP-25 protein. SNAP-25 is a membrane-associated protein required for the vesicle to fuse with the presynaptic terminal.
• Type B Toxin (Myobloc): Cleaves VAMP (Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein), also known as synaptobrevin. VAMP resides on the vesicle membrane itself.

2. Clinical Differences: Onset, Duration, and Pain

Myobloc is formulated as a ready-to-use acidic liquid (pH ~5.6), making the injection significantly more painful than Type A toxins, which are diluted with neutral saline (pH ~7.4). Myobloc has a faster clinical onset (often within 24 to 48 hours) but a significantly shorter duration of effect (typically 4 to 8 weeks, compared to 12 to 16 weeks for Type A).

3. Management of Toxin Resistance

Because the molecular structure of Type B is antigenically distinct from Type A, the human body produces different antibodies. If a patient develops neutralizing antibodies to Type A toxins—becoming completely unresponsive to Botox or Dysport—clinicians can use Myobloc off-label to achieve muscle relaxation. However, because of Myobloc's high immunogenicity, resistance to Type B can develop rapidly.

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FDA Cleared Aesthetic Indications: Botox vs. The Competitors

Another major regulatory nuance is the specific cosmetic indications cleared by the FDA for each brand. While a physician can legally inject any toxin off-label (for example, into the masseter muscles for jaw slimming or the platysmal bands for a Nefertiti lift), manufacturers are strictly prohibited from promoting their products for indications not explicitly cleared in their BLA.

The table below breaks down the FDA-cleared cosmetic indications for the US-licensed Type A toxins:

As this matrix illustrates, Botox Cosmetic is the only neurotoxin FDA-approved for all three upper-facial zones (glabella, crow's feet, and forehead lines). All other approved competitors are technically only cleared for glabella lines. Promoting these other brands for forehead lines or crow's feet is considered off-label promotion, exposing manufacturers to severe FDA compliance actions.

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BLA Pathways: Why There Are No Generic Toxins in the US

A common question is why the US market lacks cheap "generic" versions of Botox. The answer lies in the BLA regulatory framework.

Under the Public Health Service Act, there are two BLA approval pathways:

1. Section 351(a) BLA (Stand-Alone): This is the pathway utilized for entirely new biological products. The manufacturer must submit complete preclinical and clinical safety and efficacy data. All currently approved toxins in the US (Botox, Dysport, Xeomin, Jeuveau, Daxxify, Letybo) were approved under this stand-alone pathway.
2. Section 351(k) BLA (Biosimilar): This pathway allows a manufacturer to reference a previously approved "reference product" (such as Botox) by demonstrating that the biosimilar is "highly similar" and has "no clinically meaningful differences" in safety, purity, and potency.

Despite the 351(k) pathway's existence, no biosimilar botulinum toxin has ever been approved in the United States. Because the manufacturing process of botulinum toxin in living cell cultures is highly complex and proprietary, replicating Allergan's or Ipsen's exact manufacturing parameters is exceptionally difficult.

Any South Korean or European manufacturer seeking to enter the US market must conduct their own independent, multi-million dollar Phase III clinical trials under the 351(a) stand-alone pathway, which prevents the entry of low-cost generic competitors.

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Toxin Brand Aliases: The Global Naming Translation Matrix

One of the greatest sources of patient confusion is that a single biological molecule manufactured by a single company is often marketed under entirely different brand names depending on the country.

The table below translates these brand aliases across the major global aesthetic markets:

Key Naming Translations to Remember

• Jeuveau vs. Nabota vs. Nuceiva: All three are the exact same biological drug—prabotulinumtoxinA—manufactured by Daewoong Pharmaceuticals in South Korea. If you receive "Jeuveau" in New York, "Nuceiva" in London or Toronto, or "Nabota" in Seoul, you are receiving the identical 900 kDa neurotoxin formulation.
• Azzalure vs. Dysport: Manufactured by Ipsen, Azzalure is the specific cosmetic branding for abobotulinumtoxinA utilized in the UK and Europe, pre-diluted and packed in smaller vial sizes (125 units) tailored for cosmetic practitioners.
• Bocouture vs. Xeomin: Manufactured by Merz, Bocouture is the European cosmetic-specific brand name for incobotulinumtoxinA, packaged in 50-unit and 100-unit vials.

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Molecular Science: Complexing Proteins, Immunogenicity, and Diffusion

To make clinical decisions, operators must look beyond the brand name to the biochemical properties of the neurotoxin molecule.

       [BOTOX / JEUVEAU]                      [XEOMIN / DAXXIFY]
 • 900 kDa Molecular Complex            • 150 kDa \"Naked\" Neurotoxin
 • Contains accessory proteins          • Accessory proteins removed
 • Stabilizes toxin in tissue           • Lower risk of antibody resistance
 • Standard diffusion profile           • High purity formulation

1. The Role of Complexing Proteins

The Clostridium botulinum bacterium produces the 150 kDa active neurotoxin molecule wrapped in non-toxic accessory proteins, primarily hemagglutinins. In products like Botox and Jeuveau, the complete 900 kDa complex is preserved.

Historically, it was believed that these accessory proteins protected the active neurotoxin from degradation and limited its diffusion in tissue. However, physiological studies have demonstrated that once injected, the accessory proteins rapidly dissociate from the active 150 kDa core within minutes due to the physiological pH (7.4) of the tissue.

2. The Naked Toxin Advantage (Xeomin)

Xeomin (incobotulinumtoxinA) utilizes a proprietary purification process that strips away all accessory proteins, leaving only the pure 150 kDa neurotoxin. Because accessory proteins serve no therapeutic purpose and can act as adjuvants that stimulate the patient's immune system to produce neutralizing antibodies, removing them reduces the risk of immunogenicity.

Patients who develop neutralizing antibodies can become "resistant" to botulinum toxin, meaning the injections fail to relax the muscles or wear off within weeks.

3. Diffusion and Spread Parameters

The spread of a toxin is dictated by its formulation, injection volume, dilution, and injection technique, not the molecular weight of the complex.

• Dysport (abobotulinumtoxinA): Known for having a slightly wider diffusion or "spread" radius in tissue. This can be advantageous when treating large muscle groups (such as the forehead or the platysma bands in the neck), as it results in a smoother, more blended transition. However, it demands high precision when injecting near the orbital rim to avoid diffusion into the levator palpebrae superioris muscle, which causes eyelid ptosis (drooping).
• Daxxify (daxibotulinumtoxinA-lanm): Formulated with a positive-charged stabilizer peptide instead of human serum albumin. The positive charges bind to the negative-charged cell membranes at the neuromuscular junction, which is believed to keep the toxin localized and extend its clinical duration (up to 6 months in clinical trials).

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The European Union and United Kingdom Regulatory Frameworks

In Europe, the licensing of botulinum toxins follows two primary routes: the Centralised Procedure managed by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), and national procedures overseen by individual state regulators (such as the MHRA in the United Kingdom).

The EMA Centralised Registry and EPARs

Under the Centralised Procedure, the EMA issues a single marketing authorization valid across all EU and EEA countries. The scientific evaluation is published as a European Public Assessment Report (EPAR).

• Nuceiva (prabotulinumtoxinA): Approved by the EMA for the temporary improvement of glabella lines. The EPAR details the manufacturing standards of Daewoong's plant in South Korea and confirms its biosimilar-like equivalence to Botox.
• Letybo (letibotulinumtoxinA): Approved via the decentralized procedure in Europe in 2022, allowing Hugel to market the toxin across EU countries.
• NeuroBloc (Type B): Centrally authorized by the EMA, but its marketing authorization was withdrawn in the EU in 2023 due to commercial reasons, leaving Type A toxins as the sole aesthetic options.

The UK MHRA and the Yellow Card Scheme

Following Brexit, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) operates independently of the EMA. The UK market is highly active, with the aesthetic sector valued at approximately £115 million in 2024 and projected to reach £295 million by 2031.

• MHRA Licensing: The UK licenses Botox, Dysport, Azzalure, Xeomin, Bocouture, Letybo, and Nuceiva.
• Safety Monitoring: The MHRA monitors adverse events through the Yellow Card Scheme. A BBC investigation analyzing MHRA Yellow Card data identified roughly 225 reported complications linked to botulinum toxins in 2024 and 12 deaths since 2015 — almost all involving high-dose therapeutic use (such as systemic spread in medically compromised pediatric patients) rather than cosmetic injections.

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South Korea's Biotechnology Ecosystem and Regulatory Feuds

South Korea has established itself as the world’s leading hub for botulinum toxin development, with over a dozen domestic manufacturers. However, this rapid growth has been accompanied by intense domestic litigation and regulatory crackdowns.

The Medytox vs. Daewoong International Dispute

A defining event in the neuromodulator industry was the multi-year battle between Medytox and Daewoong Pharmaceuticals. Medytox accused Daewoong of stealing its proprietary Clostridium botulinum strain (the Hall strain) and manufacturing secrets to develop Nabota (Jeuveau).

The dispute escalated to the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC). In December 2020, the ITC issued a final determination ruling that Daewoong had misappropriated Medytox's trade secrets. The ITC imposed a 21-month import ban on Jeuveau in the United States.

The ban was subsequently lifted after Evolus, Medytox, and Allergan reached a three-way settlement, under which Evolus agreed to pay royalties and license fees to Medytox in exchange for continuing to sell Jeuveau in the US.

The Medytox Data Manipulation Scandals

In June 2020, South Korea's Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) revoked the manufacturing license for Meditoxin (Medytox's flagship toxin, also sold as Neuronox). The MFDS found that Medytox had manipulated stability data, forged document results, and utilized unauthorized batches of active ingredients during the approval process.

While Medytox secured court injunctions to temporarily halt the revocation, the scandal severely damaged the brand’s international reputation and stalled its efforts to secure US FDA clearance.

The Hugel FDA Journey: From Botulax to Letybo

Hugel Inc., the manufacturer of Botulax, took a more conservative, compliance-first route to the US market. The company conducted dedicated Phase III clinical trials (the BLESS programs) in the United States and Europe to demonstrate safety and efficacy.

Hugel secured FDA approval for Letybo in March 2024. This clearance represents a major milestone, allowing Hugel to legally compete in the lucrative US market, although their Korean-labeled product (Botulax) remains strictly prohibited from import.

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The Gray-Market and Counterfeit Enforcement Record

Because botulinum toxin is highly profitable, a large gray market exists where unauthorized distributors import unlicensed toxins, and counterfeiters produce fake vials. The regulatory enforcement record highlights the severe safety risks of this illicit supply chain.

The FDA 2024 Counterfeit Botox Outbreak

On April 16, 2024, the FDA issued a national drug safety warning alert following a multi-state outbreak of botulinum toxin poisonings.

• The Incident: Counterfeit versions of Botox Cosmetic were found in multiple states, purchased from unlicensed sources and administered by unlicensed individuals in non-medical settings.
• The Consequences: The CDC's investigation ultimately linked 17 harmful reactions across 9 states (interim reports had reached as many as 22 across 11 states); 13 patients were hospitalized and 6 received botulism antitoxin. Symptomatic patients presented with systemic botulism symptoms, including:
  • Blurred vision and double vision (diplopia)
  • Difficulty swallowing (physiologically called dysphagia)
  • Dry mouth and slurred speech (dysarthria)
  • Severe generalized muscle weakness and difficulty breathing (requiring botulism antitoxin administration).
• Key Findings: The counterfeit vials imitated authentic Allergan packaging but lacked the required security features (such as active lot numbers and holographic seals).

The Health Canada 2019 Nabota Seizure

On September 30, 2019, Health Canada issued a public recall and seizure notice targeting unauthorized Nabota.

• The Incident: Canadian border authorities and health inspectors seized unauthorized Nabota (prabotulinumtoxinA) from two aesthetic clinics in Toronto and intercepted shipments at the border.
• The Context: At the time of the seizure, prabotulinumtoxinA was not yet authorized by Health Canada (its approval under the name Nuceiva came later). The seized vials were imported from unauthorized South Korean distributors, bypassing Canada's temperature-controlled supply chain and presenting severe safety risks to patients.

To protect your practice from supply-chain fraud, read our clinical guide on counterfeit Botox supply-chain verification. To identify fake vials, refer to the counterfeit Botox and filler verification guide.

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Clinical Safety: Neuromuscular Blockade and the Pathophysiology of Botulism

To safely manage patients, injectors must understand the molecular biology of botulinum toxin and the clinical signs of systemic spread.

The Mechanism of Action at the Synapse

Botulinum toxin Type A consists of a 100 kDa heavy chain and a 50 kDa light chain linked by a disulfide bond.

1. Binding: Heavy chain binds to SV2 receptors on presynaptic membrane.
2. Internalization: The toxin enters the cell via endocytosis.
3. Translocation: Disulfide bond is cleaved; light chain enters the cytosol.
4. Cleavage: Light chain acts as a zinc-dependent endopeptidase to cleave SNAP-25.
5. Blockage: Cleaved SNAP-25 cannot form the SNARE complex; acetylcholine release is blocked.

By cleaving SNAP-25, the toxin prevents the fusion of acetylcholine-containing vesicles with the cell membrane. This results in chemical denervation and localized muscle paralysis.

Managing Local Complications: The Apraclonidine Protocol

While systemic botulism is the most severe risk, local muscle paralysis in an unintended area is the most common clinical complication:

• Eyelid Ptosis: Caused by the diffusion of the toxin into the levator palpebrae superioris muscle.
• Clinical Management: Clinicians can treat this ptosis using apraclonidine 0.5% eye drops (Iopidine). Apraclonidine is an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that stimulates Müller's muscle (an accessory eyelid elevator muscle). This causes the eyelid to lift by 1 to 2 millimeters, temporarily correcting the ptosis until the neurotoxin naturally wears off.

The Pathophysiology of Systemic Spread

If an excessive dose is injected, or if the toxin is accidentally introduced into a blood vesicle, it can travel systemically. Once in circulation, it binds to peripheral cholinergic synapses throughout the body, causing systemic botulism.

• Early Ocular Signs: The cranial nerves are highly sensitive to botulinum toxin. The earliest signs of systemic spread are typically ocular: ptosis (drooping eyelids) due to levator muscle compromise, and diplopia (double vision) due to paralysis of the extraocular muscles.
• Bulbar Symptoms: As the blockade spreads, patients experience dysarthria (slurred speech) and dysphagia (difficulty swallowing). Dysphagia is highly dangerous as it increases the risk of aspiration pneumonia.
• Respiratory Arrest: The final, life-threatening stage occurs when the toxin blocks the phrenic nerve, paralyzing the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, resulting in respiratory failure.
• Treatment: Systemic botulism cannot be reversed by local measures. It requires immediate hospitalization, supportive mechanical ventilation, and the administration of Heptavalent Botulism Antitoxin (BAT), which neutralizes free circulating toxin.

For a detailed analysis of post-market safety records across different brands, read injectable safety FAERS adverse events by brand.

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Practice Sourcing Guidelines: Siting and Sourcing Checklists

For medical directors and clinic operators, establishing a secure sourcing protocol is a fundamental requirement to mitigate legal and clinical risks.

The Legal Ramifications of Gray-Market Sourcing

Under Section 301 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. § 331), it is a federal crime to introduce, deliver for introduction, or receive in interstate commerce any drug that is adulterated or misbranded.

• Adulteration: A biological product is legally considered adulterated if it is manufactured, processed, or packaged in a facility that does not comply with Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP) standards, or if it has been stored outside its validated temperature parameters.
• Misbranding: A product is misbranded if its packaging does not carry the FDA-approved labeling, instructions, and warning boxes.

If an operator purchases "Botulax" or "Korean Nabota" from an online wholesaler, they are receiving an adulterated, misbranded drug. The FDA and federal prosecutors actively investigate and prosecute clinics purchasing from these sources. Convictions can result in:

• Federal prison sentences (for intentional distribution).
• Asset forfeiture and civil penalties exceeding $100,000.
• Immediate revocation of the physician's DEA registration and state medical license.

Reconstitution Verification Protocol

To verify vial integrity at the time of treatment, injectors should follow this sterile verification protocol:

1. Vacuum Inspection: Authentic vials are packed under a partial vacuum. When saline is injected, the vacuum should automatically pull the liquid into the vial. If the saline does not draw in automatically, it indicates a compromised seal or a counterfeit vial; discard the vial immediately.
2. Visual Check: Ensure the lyophilized powder appears as a thin, white, circular ring or dry crust at the bottom of the vial. It should not appear as a loose powder or a thick, discolored cake.
3. Label Verification: The BLA manufacturer label must be physically adhered to the vial. Inspect for spelling errors, incorrect fonts, or misaligned barcodes.

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FAQs

Is Nabota the same as Jeuveau, and is it FDA-approved?

The active ingredient in both, prabotulinumtoxinA, is identical and manufactured by Daewoong in South Korea. However, only the version labeled and packaged as Jeuveau (distributed by Evolus) is FDA-approved in the United States. Vials labeled and packaged as Nabota are not cleared for sale or use in the United States or Canada (where Nuceiva is the approved brand).

My clinic offers a "Korean botox" — is that legal in the US or UK?

If the vial is physically labeled Botulax, Meditoxin, or Nabota, it is illegal to inject in the US, UK, or Canada. If the clinic is using a Korean-manufactured toxin that has been officially cleared for that country's market—such as Jeuveau (prabotulinumtoxinA) or Letybo (letibotulinumtoxinA) in the US, or Nuceiva in the UK—it is fully legal. The physical packaging must match the approved national brand.

What are the symptoms of systemic botulism after a counterfeit injection?

Symptoms typically develop within 1 to 10 days of injection. Early signs include double vision, drooping eyelids (ptosis), dry mouth, and difficulty swallowing. As the toxin spreads, patients experience generalized muscle weakness, slurred speech, and loss of bladder control. In severe cases, it paralyzes the respiratory muscles, requiring mechanical ventilation. Seek immediate emergency medical care if you experience these symptoms after a toxin injection.

Why doesn't the US just approve the cheaper Korean toxins?

The FDA does not block foreign drugs to protect domestic sales; rather, it enforces strict clinical testing and safety standards. Securing BLA approval requires conducting multi-center Phase III clinical trials in the US, which can cost $20 million to $50 million. Many foreign manufacturers choose not to spend this capital if they can sell their products easily in less-regulated markets.

Can a clinic be fined for using Botulax?

Yes. Sourcing or injecting Botulax or other unlicensed toxins within the United States is a violation of federal law (receipt and delivery of misbranded/adulterated drugs in interstate commerce). Clinics caught using these products face FDA warning letters, regulatory seizures, professional board disciplinary action (including suspension of medical licenses), and potential criminal prosecution.

Is there any difference in how long Botox lasts compared to Jeuveau or Letybo?

Clinical trials evaluating the 900 kDa complexes (Botox, Jeuveau, Letybo) show very similar duration profiles. For the treatment of glabella lines, all three typically maintain muscle relaxation for 3 to 4 months in the majority of patients. Individual longevity variations are usually driven by the patient's muscle mass, metabolism, and the injector's dilution and dosing technique, rather than differences in the active molecules.

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Sources

• U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2026). Purple Book Database of Licensed Biological Products. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/drugs/therapeutic-biologics-applications-bla/purple-book-database-licensed-biological-products
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2024). FDA Alert: Counterfeit Version of Botox Found in Multiple States (Updated April 16, 2024). Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-alerts-and-statements/counterfeit-version-botox-found-multiple-states
• Health Canada. (2019). Public Advisory: Unauthorized Nabota botulinum toxin may pose serious health risks (September 30, 2019). Retrieved from https://recalls-rappels.canada.ca/en/alert-recall/unauthorized-nabota-botulinum-toxin-may-pose-serious-health-risks
• European Medicines Agency. (2025). Nuceiva EPAR Summary for the Public. Retrieved from https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines
• Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. (2025). MHRA Drug Safety Update: Botulinum Toxin Safety Profile. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/medicines-and-healthcare-products-regulatory-agency
• Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (2019). Nabota (prabotulinumtoxinA) US BLA Approval Documentation. Retrieved from https://www.daewoong.co.kr/en
• Hugel, Inc. (2024). Letybo (letibotulinumtoxinA) US FDA Approval and Clinical Data. Retrieved from https://www.hugel-inc.com/en
• Medytox, Inc. (2020). Medytox statement on MFDS regulatory actions. Retrieved from http://www.medytox.com/en