Persistent facial hyperpigmentation. Topicals, oral tranexamic acid, energy-based devices, and the cases where lasers make it worse.
Chemical peels treat hyperpigmentation and acne in Fitzpatrick IV-VI skin when acid type and concentration match melanin-rich skin. Mandelic and salicylic acid are…
Laser resurfacing in Black skin requires matching wavelength and energy to melanin-rich tissue. Non-ablative 1540/1550 nm and 1064 nm Nd:YAG are safest; ablative CO2…
Lasers can worsen melasma in darker skin via rebound hyperpigmentation and melanocyte activation. Low-fluence QS Nd:YAG toning helps but carries risks. Evidence on safe…
PIH is the most common pigment complication after lasers, peels, microneedling, and injectables in skin of color. What the evidence says about prevention, early…
A working guide to the energy-based devices reshaping aesthetic medicine — from picosecond pigment to hybrid resurfacing — and the conditions each actually fixes.
Melasma is chronic, recurrent, and easy to make worse. The evidence-based stack — sun, topicals, oral tranexamic acid, and the cases where lasers help vs harm.