Active acne therapy and post-inflammatory scarring. Topicals, isotretinoin, microneedling, fractional laser, and chemical reconstruction of skin scars.
Acne scar treatment in darker skin (Fitzpatrick IV-VI) requires modalities that minimize PIH. RF microneedling and subcision are safest; fractional CO2 carries higher…
Chemical peels treat hyperpigmentation and acne in Fitzpatrick IV-VI skin when acid type and concentration match melanin-rich skin. Mandelic and salicylic acid are…
CO2 lasers penetrate deeper with more collagen contraction — stronger results, longer recovery, higher PIH risk. Er:YAG ablates precisely with less heat — faster…
Laser resurfacing in Black skin requires matching wavelength and energy to melanin-rich tissue. Non-ablative 1540/1550 nm and 1064 nm Nd:YAG are safest; ablative CO2…
PIH is the most common pigment complication after lasers, peels, microneedling, and injectables in skin of color. What the evidence says about prevention, early…
A working guide to the energy-based devices reshaping aesthetic medicine — from picosecond pigment to hybrid resurfacing — and the conditions each actually fixes.